Accordingly, there are few commercially available strains in the USA or Europe and little or no breeding for higher yield or other favorable traits has occurred. grow in the wild in North America, Europe and Asia and, although there is considerable scientific research about them, they are not commonly industrially produced. Fungal strains comprise clonal descendants of a single isolation from one fungal colony in a pure culture. In fungi cultivation, fungal strains are analogous to plant varieties in crop breeding. Hericium erinaceus is scarce and threatened and is one of only four fungi to have the highest level of legal protection in the UK, making both picking and sale of the fungus illegal. It is able to withstand cold temperatures and frost conditions. This specific genus fruits between August and December in the United Kingdom, and will continue to produce spores until as late as February in the following year. erinaceus is native to Europe, it has been red listed in 13 European countries due to poor germination and establishment. Three Hericium species can be found in eastern North America, one being H. Most of it is intensive indoor production with only a few small outdoor sites where log cultivation is practiced. Its production there occurs only on a small scale. erinaceus was first described in North America. ĭespite its higher prevalence in Asia, H. Hericium erinaceus has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries and its production is widespread within Asia, mostly using extensive production practices on wood logs or stumps.
Hericium species can be found throughout the northern hemisphere. Daily trends towards lower relative humidity can favor sporulation, however levels of relative humidity that are too low do not favor high total spore production. Spore production is highest at midday, relative to temperature increase and relative humidity decrease. Chlamydospore germination requires 30 to 52 hours, with a germination success rate of 32 to 54%. These spores can stay viable for more than seven years and be stored under anaerobic conditions. The monokaryotic mycelium was found to produce fusoid to subglobose chlamydospores of 6–8 x 8–10 um size.
Monokaryotic fruitbodies are also smaller than dikaryotic fruitbodies. The monokaryotic mycelium growth of H.erinaceus is slower than dikaryotic growth and only about a low percentage of monokaryotic cultures yield fruitbodies. erinaceus species found in the USA was shown to be bifactorially heterothallic. erinaceus could fruit intermittently for 20 years on the same dead tree. erinaceus are mainly produced annually from August to November in Europe. The spore shape is described as subglobose to short ellipsoid and the spore surface is smooth to finely roughened. The white amyloid basidiospores measure around 5–7 um in length and 4–5 um in width. The basidia are 25–40 um long and 5–7 um wide, contain four spores each and possess a basal clamp. The hyphae also contain clamped septa and gloeoplerous elements (filled with oily, resinous substances), which can come into the hymenium as gloeocystidia. The hyphal system is monomitic, amyloid, and composed of thin- to thick-walled hyphae that are about 3–15 microns (um) wide. Fruit bodies and spines colour are white to cream, but can turn yellow-brown when older. They are 5–40 cm (2–15.5 in) in diameter, and are dominated by crowded, hanging, spore-producing spines, which are 1–5 cm long or longer. erinaceus are large, irregular bulbous tubercules. This is also reflected by the German name, Igel-Stachelbart (literally, hedgehog goatee), and some of its common English names, such as bearded hedgehog and hedgehog mushroom. Both the Latin genus name Hericium and the species name erinaceus mean 'hedgehog' in Latin.
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